Issue 05, 2026
Mechanism and Application Progress of Novel Hydrogel Adjuvants
TU Yiting;XU Shangen;WANG Afei;SHU Jianhong;ZHAO Kai;Adjuvants are important components of vaccines, which can significantly enhance the immunogenicity of antigens.Hydrogel adjuvants have three-dimensional network structures formed by the physical and chemical cross-linking of hydrophilic polymer materials.Hydrogel adjuvants are favored for their advantages such as sustained-release property, controllability, and safety.Their excellent immune enhancement effect and delivery performance can effectively prolong the efficacy of vaccines, thereby promoting the research and development of novel vaccines.In this paper, we summarize the action mechanism of hydrogel adjuvants, and review the application progress of natural polymer, synthetic polymer, and hybrid polymer hydrogel adjuvants in the field of vaccines, which provides a theoretical support for in-depth research and application of hydrogel adjuvants in the field of vaccine research and development.
Enhancement on Stability of Single-Crystal Ternary Cathode Material in Lithium-Ion Battery by Grain Ultra-Refinement
GE Haiqing;XIONG Chunyan;We prepared a Mo-doped cathode material by doping Mo into the single-crystal layered ternary cathode material(LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2,NCM) via metal cation doping strategy.Moreover, we studied the effects of Mo doping on the electrochemical performance and stability of NCM.The results show that doping Mo in transition metals can inhibit the grain growth of NCM during the calcination process, thereby obtaining more refined grains.Grain refinement can strengthen the lattice structure of NCM,inhibit the irreversible phase transformation generated during the Li+ transport process, and promote the diffusion of Li+.At the optimal doping amount, Mo-NCM exhibits a high initial discharge specific capacity of 192.4 mAh·g-1,and maintains a discharge specific capacity retention rate of 68.6% after 100 cycles at a high rate of 1.0 C within the high voltage range of 2.0-4.5 V.The study provides a new idea for preparing lithium-ion batteries with high cycling stability.
Preparation of Palladium Nanoparticles Using Bacillus subtilis and Pd2+ Reduction Mechanism
KOU Jingyi;SHEN Jing;LIAO Yue;HUANG Peixiu;PENG Chenxi;WANG Zekun;SHE Yuehui;SUN Shanshan;ZHANG Fan;We conducted anaerobic cultivation of Bacillus subtilis(BSU) isolated from water samples of Qinghai Oilfield by using sodium formate as the electron donor to reduce Pd2+ to Pd0,and prepared palladium nanoparticles.Moreover, we systematically characterized the palladium nanoparticles by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Furthermore, we preliminarily explored the formation mechanism of palladium nanoparticles by BSU.The results show that the prepared palladium nanoparticles are nearly spherical, with uniform particle size distribution, and the average particle size is smaller under neutral conditions(pH=7),being(4.01±1.80) nm.Pd, P,and S coexist in the palladium nanoparticles, indicating that the cell structure of BSU plays a synergistic role in the particle formation process.The palladium nanoparticles have a typical face-centered cubic(FCC) structure, and the main form of Pd element in the nanoparticles is Pd0,with a relative content of approximately 89.30%.It is speculated that the cell structure and metabolic process of BSU play a key role in the adsorption, reduction, and nuclear stabilization of Pd2+.The study provides a theoretical basis for the green biological synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles.
Preparation of Biodegradable Base Oil from Black Soldier Fly Oil and Its Tribological Performance
WANG Mi;XIANG Zhixiong;XIONG Jing;ZHANG Xinya;WANG Tielin;By taking black soldier fly oil(BSO) as the raw material, we prepared a series of biodegradable base oils(BSO-based ester derivatives) through epoxidation, ring-opening, and acylation reactions, and characterized the structure of BSO-based ester derivatives by FTIR.Moreover, we investigated the physicochemical performance, thermal stability, and tribological performance of BSO-based ester derivatives.Furthermore, we revealed the influence laws of different molecular structures on the friction mechanism of BSO-based ester derivatives from a microscopic perspective through molecular dynamics simulation.Meanwhile, we compared and analyzed the tribological performance of the ring-opened black soldier fly oil(ROBSO) and BSO-based ester derivatives.The results show that BSO-based ester derivatives have excellent physicochemical performance, thermal stability, and tribological performance.Compared with BSO-based ester derivatives, the adsorption energy of ROBSO on the iron atomic layer is higher.The adsorption energy of BSO-based ester derivatives gradually increases with the increase of the carbon chain length of the straight-chain anhydride.Under the same molecular weight conditions, the increase of the branch chain leads to a significant decrease in the adsorption energy.The results show that the adsorption energy, the relative atomic concentration distribution, and the radial distribution function(RDF) of oxygen atoms and iron atoms, obtained by molecular dynamics simulation are consistent with the results of tribological performance measured by the four-ball friction experiments.
Prediction of Quality Markers of Hovenia dulcis Based on Fingerprints and Network Pharmacology
CAI Wen;DING Xiaoyan;LI Jiayi;LIU Yuecheng;WANG Bianli;ZU Longhui;YAO Pengyu;WANG Ping;Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine;We identified the chemical components of Hovenia dulcis by UPLC-QE-MS/MS.Moreover, we established the fingerprints of 12 batches of Hovenia dulcis samples from different origins, screened the quality markers(Q-Marker) of Hovenia dulcis by combining chemical pattern recognition with pharmacokinetic data, and established the content determination methods.Furthermore, we predicted the action mechanism by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.The results show that 43 common chemical components are identified by UPLC-QE-MS/MS.The similarity evaluation results indicate that Hovenia dulcis samples can be roughly divided into two categories, namely, the southern and northern ones, according to their origins.Quercetin, taxifolin, naringenin, kaempferol, and eriodictyol are preliminarily determined as the Q-Marker of Hovenia dulcis,with the content ranges of 20.72-218.37,44.04-2 401.20,2.24-15.55,1.51-3.65,and 1.62-9.83 μg·g-1,respectively.The 5 Q-Marker exerts their pharmacological effects by acting on key targets such as AKT1 and PIK3R1,and regulating cancer-related pathways and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.The Q-Marker screened by combining fingerprints with network pharmacology provides a scientific basis for the comprehensive quality control and evaluation of Hovenia dulcis.
Regulation of Arthrospira platensis for Multiple Production of Active Substances via Hyperosmotic Stress
CHEN Yuke;SHEN Yuhan;LIU Yufei;XIE Tonghui;ZHANG Yongkui;YAO Changhong;TIAN Minqing;We used high salt and high glycerine hyperosmotic stress to regulate the multiple production of active substances such as glucosylglycerol(GG),protein, and polysaccharides in Arthrospira platensis.Moreover, we investigated biomass accumulation, glycerine comsumption, photosynthetic efficiency, and multiple production of active substances such as GG,protein, and polysaccharides of Arthrospira platensis under different NaCl concentrations and different glycerine concentrations.The results show that high glycerine stress is an effective strategy for regulating the production of GG in Arthrospira platensis.With the addition of 20 g·L-1 glycerine, the GG content in Arthrospira platensis increases by 5.5 times, reaching 9.1% of biomass, and the GG yield reaches 201.1 mg·L-1,which is higher than the GG content and yield of most natural cyanobacteria under high salt stress.High salt stress inhibits protein production in Arthrospira platensis,while high glycerine stress increases protein yield to 928.3 mg·L-1.Under hyperosmotic stress, the protein produced by Arthrospira platensis is of high quality(EAAI>1),and its essential amino acid(EAA) content is higher than the FAO/WHO standard.High glycerine stress is beneficial for the production of total aromatic amino acids(especially phenylalanine),while high salt stress is beneficial for the production of medicinal amino acids glutamic acid and aspartic acid.High glycerine stress promots the production of polysaccharides in Arthrospira platensis,with a polysaccharides content reaching up to 21.9% of biomass under 10 g·L-1 glycerine and a yield of 426.0 mg·L-1 under 20 g·L-1 glycerine.The study provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for regulating the mutiple production of active substances in Arthrospira platensis via hyperosmotic stress.
Purification Process of Total Flavonoids from Rhamni songoricae Fructus and Its Protective Effects on Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice
JIA Le;GUO Xiaoyu;LI Jinxin;MA Guizhi;We optimized the purification process of total flavonoids from Rhamni songoricae Fructus(TFRS) by using macroporous adsorption resin, and investigated the protective effects of the crude extract and purified product of TFRS on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice.The results show that the optimal purification process for TFRS is as follows: 20 g of pretreated HPD-500 macroporous adsorption resin is wet-packed into the column, 2 BV of the crude extract of TFRS(100 mg·mL-1) is loaded onto the column at the rate of 2 mL·min-1,after static adsorption for 12 h, 4 BV of distilled water is used for elution to remove impurities, followed by elution with 8 BV of 80% ethanol at the rate of 12 BV·h-1.The total flavonoids content increases from 10.03% to 20.17% after purification.The crude extract and purified product of TFRS can significantly reduce the activities of ALT,AST,the contents of TG,TC,MDA,TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 in mice with acute alcoholic liver injury, increase the content of GSH,alleviate the inflammatory damage of liver tissue, effectively inhibit hepatocyte necrosis, reduce inflammatory cell infiltration, and improve the pathological damage of liver tissue.The purification process is suitable for the purification of TFRS.The purified product of TFRS has a protective effect on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice, and its hepatoprotective effect may be closely related to flavonoids.
Construction and in vitro Anti-Tumor Activity of Galangin pH-Sensitive Micelles
WANG Li;GAO Xiaoling;LI Sihan;HUANG Yiling;LIU Guanghui;Using the pH-sensitive material polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether-poly(lactic acid)-polyhistidine(mPEG45-PLA18-PHis12) as a carrier, we constructed galangin pH-sensitive micelles(Gal-pHSM).Moreover, we optimized the prescription process of Gal-pHSM by single-factor experiments and response surface methodologies, and characterized the structure of Gal-pHSM by UV-Vis, FTIR,and XRD.Furthermore, we tested the pH sensitivity of Gal-pHSM,and studied the inhibitory effect of Gal-pHSM on HeLa cells by Thiazolyl Blue(MTT) assay.The results show that the optimal prescription process of Gal-pHSM is as follows: the mass ratio of mPEG45-PLA18-PHis12 to galangin of 11.60∶1,the galangin concentration of 0.82 mg·mL-1,and the hydration time of 1.40 h.Under above conditions, the encapsulation rate is(92.91±1.03)%,the drug loading is(7.29±0.18)%,the particle size is(79.94±6.04) nm, and the Zeta potential is -(16.43±0.98) mV.Galangin exists in the form of amorphous in the freeze-dried powder Gal-pHSM,and the in vitro drug release exhibits obvious pH sensitivity.At 24 and 48 h, the half-inhibitory concentration(IC50) of galangin is 40.72 and 24.44 μg·mL-1,respectively, and the IC50 value of Gal-pHSM is reduced to 26.72 and 14.82 μg·mL-1,respectively, indicating that the inhibitory effect of Gal-pHSM on HeLa cells is enhanced.The constructed Gal-pHSM has good pH sensitivity and is expected to be used as an anti-tumor drug carrier.
Development and Performance Evaluation of A Temperature-Resistant and Salt-Tolerant Hyperbranched Fracturing Fluid Thickener
JIANG Tao;LIU Yifei;GONG Xuefeng;By introducing polymer molecular chains composed of acrylamide(AM),2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid(AMPS),N-vinylpyrrolidone(NVP),and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DADMAC) into the hyperbranched monomer pentaerythritol triallyl ether(PETAE),we developed a hyperbranched fracturing fluid thickener HTB-1.Moreover, we characterized the structure of HTB-1,and evaluated its comprehensive performance.The results show that the molecular structure of HTB-1 meets the design expectations, with a viscosity-average molecular weight of 206 717.The hyperbranched structure facilitates HTB-1 to easily form a stable three-dimensional network structure in aqueous solution, endowing it with good temperature-resistance and salt-tolerance.The apparent viscosity of 0.6% HTB-1 aqueous solution is 81.0 mPa·s at 170 s-1 and 200 ℃,and is 86.3 mPa·s at 25 ℃ and a salinity of 100 000 mg·L-1,which can meet the construction conditions of high temperature and high salinity.After gel-breaking of 0.6% HTB-1 aqueous solution, the residue content is only 42.7 mg·L-1,the surface tension is only 22.7 mN·m-1,the anti-swelling rate is higher than 70%,and the average permeability recovery value of the core after contamination is 88.65%,indicating good reservoir protection performance, which is conducive to the efficient exploitation of tight oil reservoirs.