Issue 06, 2026
Research Progress in Pathogenic Mechanisms and Targeted Drugs of Human OX40 and CD30
ZHANG Xilun;SHAO Hongwei;KE Hang;Human OX40 and CD30 belong to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily.We introduce their gene structures, protein domain characteristics, and ligand binding modes, and summarize their expression regulation patterns in immune populations such as T cells and antigen-presenting cells.Moreover, we compare and analyze the dual action mechanisms of OX40 and CD30 in autoimmune diseases and tumors.Furthermore, we systematically review the research and development progresses of targeted drugs for OX40 and CD30:in the field of autoimmune diseases, monoclonal antibodies that antagonize the OX40/OX40L interaction have shown clinical potential in indications such as moderate to severe atopic dermatitis; in the field of tumor treatment, antibody-drug conjugates targeting CD30 have achieved successful applications and promoted the development of new strategies such as bispecific antibodies and cell therapies, while agonist therapies targeting OX40 are dedicated to enhancing anti-tumor immune responses through combination therapy and novel multifunctional antibodies.By integrating basic research and clinical application, this review provides a theoretical basis and research directions for precise immunotherapy targeting inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and tumors.
Monitoring, Early Warning, and Management of Limnoperna fortunei in Water Diversion and Transfer Tunnels
SONG Chiyang;WANG Cong;XIONG Biao;WANG Xidong;CHEN Zhenghu;HUANG Di;XU Tao;HUANG Yingping;LIU Honglin;We systematically review the impacts of Limnoperna fortunei on the tunnel efficiency, maintenance costs, and ecological environments of water diversion and transfer tunnels, and elucidate the potential risks to water conveyance systems.Moreover, we outline the monitoring and early warning techniques based on analysis of water quality parameters and molecular biological detection, aiming to enhance the sensitivity and rapid detection of Limnoperna fortunei invasions, thereby providing critical technical supports for early-stage prevention and control.Furthermore, considering the structure characteristics of water diversion and transfer tunnels, we evaluate the suitable management techniques for different tunnel sections and comprehensively analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.Based on the fouling mechanisms of Limnoperna fortunei,environmental impacts, and actual situation of water diversion and transfer tunnels project, we put forward a multi-tiered and segmented management strategy that is suitable for improving the management efficiency while minimizing ecological disruption.This study provides a scientific foundation and practical guidance for biofouling prevention and control of water diversion and transfer tunnels project, ensuring their long-term operational stability.
Adsorption of Methylene Blue by Cellulose/Carboxymethyl Chitosan Composite Aerogel
YANG Bing;CHEN Ziyue;RAN Jianhua;YAN Chao;GUO Yi;Using cellulose and carboxymethyl chitosan(CMCS) as raw materials, NaOH-urea aqueous solution as a solvent, and epichlorohydrin as a crosslinking agent, we prepared cellulose/CMCS composite aerogel and used it for the adsorption of Methylene Blue(MB).Moreover, we investigated the influencing factors of adsorption efficiency, and analyzed the kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption behavior.The results show that the adsorption equilibrium is achieved after 180 min for adsorption of 40 mL 100 mg·L-1 MB by 20 mg composite aerogel under the conditions as follows: the mass ratio of cellulose to CMCS of 5∶5,the temperature of 25 ℃,and the pH value of 7.The adsorption capacity of MB reaches 188.67 mg·g-1,and the removal rate reaches 94.33%.The composite aerogel has good recycling performance.After five times of adsorption-desorption, the adsorption capacity of MB is 92.80 mg·g-1,and the removal rate can still reach more than 90%.The adsorption behavior of the composite aerogel to MB conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model.Cellulose/CMCS composite aerogel can be used as an efficient and renewable biomass-based adsorbent for the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater.
Preparation, Characterization, and in vitro Transfection of Spermine-Grafted Hydroxyethyl Amylose
XIONG Xiaoqin;KANG Jiali;XIONG Qi;FANG Xuefei;Through grafting spermine(Spm) onto the backbone of hydroxyethyl amylose(HEA),we prepared Spm-g-HEA polymer, and characterized the structure of the polymer via FTIR,~1HNMR,and TNBS method.Moreover, based on the electrostatic adsorption of Spm-g-HEA and plasmid pEGFP-N1,we prepared Spm-g-HEA/pDNA complexes with different mass ratios, and analyzed the particle size, Zeta potential, morphology, and stability of the complexes via dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and gel retardation assay.Furthermore, we evaluated the transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of Spm-g-HEA/pDNA complexes on HEK-293T cells via inverted fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and MTT assay.The results show that, when the molar ratio of Spm to HEA is 2∶1,Spm will be grafted onto HEA backbond with a grafting degree of 3.6(based on 100 glucose units).Spm-g-HEA can tightly adsorb pDNA and compress it into positively charged irregular spherical nanoparticles at 100-200 nm.When Spm-g-HEA is complexed with pDNA at a mass ratio of 16∶1,it will exhibit the highest transfection efficiency and non-cytotoxicity, indicating that Spm-g-HEA is expected to develop into a safe and efficient non-viral transgenic vector.
Optimization in Extraction Process of Total Polyphenols from Rosa roxburghii Tratt Fruits by Response Surface Methodology and Its Antioxidant Activity
LIANG Huiqing;LI Qianqian;LIAO Yuxing;HUANG Hongmei;LI Xueying;CHEN Guiyuan;ZHANG Cuixiang;We extracted total polyphenols from wild Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruits in Guizhou Province by solvent extraction.Based on the single-factor experiments, we optimized the extraction process by response surface methodologies, and explored the antioxidant activity of total polyphenols from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruits.The results show that the optimal extraction conditions are as follows: the extraction time of 3.5 h, the extraction temperature of 60 ℃,the solid-liquid ratio of 1∶30(g∶mL),and the ethanol volume fraction of 60%.Under above conditions, the extraction amount of total polyphenols from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruits reaches(15.310 0±0.072 6) mg·g-1.The scavenging ability of the total polyphenols from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruits on DPPH and ABTS free radicals is positively correlated with its concentration within a certain concentration range, which is higher than that of ascorbic acid at the same concentration.The total polyphenols from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruits exhibits strong antioxidant activity and possesses potential as natural antioxidants or food additives.
Design and Biosensing Applications of ESIPT-Driven Fluorescent Probe for Butyrylcholinesterase Detection
WANG Weibo;SUN Jinyu;HU Yufei;ZHAO Zijie;ZHANG Juan;YAN Jiaxin;QIAO Hongtao;WANG Pengcheng;Based on the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT) mechanism, we designed and synthesized two novel fluorescent probes(EB-1 and EB-2) with benzoate derivatives as specific recognition groups.We characterized the structures of the probes by ~1HNMR,13CNMR,and HRMS.Moreover, we studied the optical properties, specificity, and sensitivity of the probes.Furthermore, we explored their potentials for biological applications through butyrylcholinesterase(BChE) inhibitor screening experiments and in vivo imaging experiments.The results show that the probes EB-1 and EB-2 trigger ESIPT fluorophore signal amplification through enzymatic hydrolysis reaction, achieving selective response to BChE activity.The detection limits of probes EB-1 and EB-2 for BChE are 129 and 34 ng·mL-1,respectively, and effectively distinguished between BChE and acetylcholinesterase.Probes EB-1 and EB-2 exhibit time-and dose-dependence.In biological applications, probe EB-1 successfully achieves real-time fluorescence tracing of BChE in HEK 293T cells, and the spatial distribution characteristics of BChE are observed in living zebrafish.As novel molecular tools, probes EB-1 and EB-2 hold great potential for clinical diagnosis and drug development of BChE-related diseases.
Multi-Index Optimization in Preparation Process of Licorice Extract and Composition Analysis
WEI Delong;FENG Yanlin;LIU Qijun;ZOU Peiyang;CHEN Wen;LI Xiang;YAN Jun;Taking the contents of glycyrrhizic acid, total flavonoids, and tannin as evaluation indicators, we optimized the preparation process of licorice extract by response surface methodologies on the basis of single-factor experiments.Moreover, we analyzed the chemical compositions in the licorice extract by UPLC-MS/MS,and evaluated its in vitro antibacterial activity.The results indicate that the optimal preparation process of licorice extract is as follows: the aqueous ammonia volume fraction of 3.0%,the ethanol volume fraction of 75%,and the ultrasonic time of 25 min.Under above conditions, the yield of licorice extract is 38%,which contains 88.90 mg·g-1 of glycyrrhizic acid, 27.06 mg·g-1 of total flavonoids, and 8.66 mg·g-1 of tannin.A total of 28 chemical compositions are identified, which belong to flavonoids, triterpene saponins, and coumarins, etc.The licorice extract exhibits high antibacterial activity, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations(IC50) of 0.55,0.68,and 0.35 mg·mL-1 against Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,and Bacillus subtilis,respectively.The multi-index optimized preparation process of licorice extract can maintain multiple active compositions at a relatively high level, effectively improving the utilization rate of licorice, and providing a certain theoretical and experimental basis for the quality control and further research of licorice extract.
Construction and Application of Non-Enzyme Electrochemical Sensor for Glutamate Detection Using Silver Ion as Probe
ZHAO Lingzhi;DONG Zhuo;HOU Ruxue;ZHANG Yu;WEI Hanyu;ZHAO Liu;Based on the strong coordination between glutamate and electrochemically active silver ion(Ag+),the oxidation peak current of Ag+ decreases and the new oxidation peak is generated, we constructed a non-enzyme electrochemical sensor for detecting glutamate.The results show that, in the range of 0.5-2 μmol·L-1,the decrease of Ag+ oxidation peak current has a good linear relationship with glutamate concentration, and the detection limit is 0.1 μmol·L-1.In the range of 8-100 μmol·L-1,the increase of new oxidation peak current has a good linear relationship with glutamate concentration, and the detection limit is 8 μmol·L-1.The sensor can be applied to the detection of sodium glutamate in monosodium glutamate with high recovery rate, which provides a new idea for rapid, simple, and accurate electrochemical detection of glutamate.
Application of Composite Anodes Based on Cellulose-Derived Carbon for Lithium Metal Batteries
CHEN Lanying;CHEN Weimin;ZHAO Xianchao;YU Faquan;Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory;Based on a cellulose-derived carbon/graphene framework(CCM/rGO),a lithiummagnesium alloy(LiMg),and a LiF-rich interphase layer, we prepared an ultrathin lithiophilic thickness-controllable lithium metal composite anode CCM/rGO-M-Li.The CCM/rGO provides fast electron pathway and buffer space for volume expansion, while the LiMg sites significantly reduce the lithium nucleation barrier and promote uniform lithium deposition.Meanwhile, the LiF-rich interphase layer further enhances interfacial stability.The symmetric battery based on CCM/rGO-M-Li exhibits excellent cycling stability, with stable cycling for over 1 200 h at 2 mA·cm-2.The full-cell paired with a LiFePO4(LFP) cathode can stably cycle for over 200 times at a 0.5 C rate, with a capacity retention rate of 91.59%.This study provides a new design strategy for constructing lithium metal anodes with ultrathin, lithiophilic, and fluoride-modulated high-performance.