Issue 04, 2026
Research Progress on Saponins in Several Common Plants
WANG Jinglin;YANG Saifei;SHEN Sijia;MA Chunxian;CHEN Rui;Saponins, a commonly secondary metabolite in plants, are distributed in different parts of plants.Saponins have complex structures and exhibit diverse biological activities.At present, the researches on saponins in terms of anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic have achieved significant results, demonstrating their great potential for clinical application.In this paper, we systematically review the research progress on the structure types, structure-function relationship, biological activities, extraction methods, separation and purification methods of saponins in several common plants in recent years, and put forward prospects in the future research directions of saponins from aspects such as extraction methods and application prospects, providing valuable references for the further research and development of plant saponins.
Research Progress in Derivatization of Traditional Analgesic Lappaconitine
MENG Xiangyun;WANG Fengxia;SHI Yuwei;REN Xiaoyue;Lappaconitine is a natural diterpenoid alkaloid with high biological activity.Due to its strong analgesic effect, non-addiction, and non-dependence, lappaconitine has attracted much attention in the field of analgesic research.In this paper, we review the analgesic mechanism, pharmaceutical advantages and disadvantages of lappaconitine, and summarize the research progress in derivatization strategies of lappaconitine(salification, structural modification, and molecular hybridization),aiming to provide new insights for the better clinical application of lappaconitine and its derivatives.
A Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent-Mediated Green Synthesis and Application of Indigoidine
CHEN Ziqiang;ZHAO Hui;LIU Jiaheng;Indigoidine is a natural pigment synthesized by microorganisms, with broad industrial application prospects.However, poor water-solubility and complex extraction processes have limited its development.Natural deep eutectic solvents(NADES),as green solvents, offer a novel approach to enhance the solubility of indigoidine and innovation of dyeing technology, owing to their unique solubility and biocompatibility.In this study, we proposed a NADES-assisted fermentation-extraction-dyeing integrated strategy for indigoidine: the solubility of indigoidine is significantly improved by optimizing the composition and proportion of NADES,and the innovative combination of direct dyeing of indigoidine fermentation broth with redox extraction of bacterial precipite was achieved.The results show that the solubility of indigoidine increases to(0.187±0.005) mg·mL-1 by addition of 10%NADES 12,and the solubility further increases to(0.242±0.003) mg·mL-1 by addition of 15%NADES 12,which is 3.54 times that of the control group.The indigoidine is extracted from the bacterial precipite by redox method with an extraction rate of 78.1% and a purity of about 65%.This process can achieve fermentation, dyeing, and extraction in the absence of organic solvents, which completes the full-process utilization of indigoidine and provides a new path for the efficient production and application of natural pigments.
Synthesis of Tin Dioxide Composited Nickel-Iron Layered Double Hydroxide N-Type Semiconductor and Its Photoelectrocatalytic Performance for Ethylene Glycol Oxidation Reaction
CHENG Xirui;LONG Xiaofeng;HU Xianglong;WANG Mengyu;YU Junxia;JIANG Xueliang;YANG Huan;Photoelectrocatalysis of ethylene glycol oxidation reaction(EGOR) is of great significance for the upgrading of waste polyester plastics and the sustainable development of resources.However, it is difficult for a single catalyst to simultaneously possess efficient light absorption property and electrocatalytic activity.We synthesized a self-supported tin dioxide composited nickel-iron layered double hydroxide N-type semiconductor material SnO2@NiFe LDH/NF on the surface of nickel foam(NF) by chemical etching and hydrothermal methods, characterized its structure by SEM,TEM,XRD,XPS,etc.,and studied its photoelectrocatalytic performance for EGOR.The results show that the conductive SnO2 layer on NiFe LDH/NF endows SnO2@NiFe LDH/NF with excellent light absorption property and conductivity, enhancing the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, thereby improving its photoelectrocatalytic efficiency for EGOR.Under light conditions, a current density of 10 mA·cm-2 can be achieved at only 1.35 V.This study is of great significance for the development of efficient photoelectrocatalysts, the improvement of solar energy utilization efficiency, and the upgrading of waste plastics.
Activity Research and Non-Targeted Metabolomics Analysis of Secondary Metabolites from Endophytic Fungi of Arnebia euchroma(Royle) Johnst.
ZHANG Xiaoqing;CHEN Jingjing;AIMAIERJIANG Yimirenijiang;DING Wenhuan;ZHANG Xuejia;PAN Lan;XU Haiyan;Xinjiang Medical University;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Research on Cultivation Standards of Taoist Chinese Herbs;We conducted fermentation on 34 endophytic fungi isolated from Arnebia euchroma(Royle) Johnst.,and obtained secondary metabolites.Moreover, we studied the bacteriostatic activity, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity of the fermentation crude extracts by the Oxford cup method, the DPPH/ABTS free radicals scavenging experiments, and the MTT method.Furthermore, we identified the high-activity strains by ITS sequence analysis, and screened the differential metabolites between high-and low-activity strains through non-targeted metabolomics analyses.The results show that strains HJ-17 and HJ-28 exhibit the most significant activity among the 34 endophytic fungi.They show significant inhibitory effects on Bacillus subtilis,Escherichia coli,and Staphylococcus aureus.The DPPH free radicals scavenging rates are 89.10% and 96.90%,respectively, and the ABTS free radicals scavenging rates are comparable to that of vitamin C.They also exhibit strong cytotoxicity on human liver cancer cells HepG2 and breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231.The strain HJ-17 is identified as Chaetosphaeronema achilleae,and the strain HJ-28 as Alternaria alstroemeriae.Non-targeted metabolomics analyses reveal that there are 1 812 and 1 490 differential metabolites(VIP>1,P<0.05) between the high-activity strains HJ-17,HJ-28 and the low-activity strain HJ-6,respectively.These differential metabolites are mainly involved in the phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis pathway, nucleotide metabolism pathway, ABC transporters pathway as well as tyrosine metabolism pathway.This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of endophytic fungi of Arnebia euchroma(Royle) Johnst..
Extraction and Purification Process of Total Flavonoids from Syzygium jambos L. Alston Seeds and Its Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activities
ZHUANG Yuanbei;NIE Hua;ZENG Huang;WEN Zhiying;HUANG Jiaru;ZHANG Shengyuan;On the basis of single-factor experiments, we optimized the ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction process of total flavonoids from Syzygium jambos L.Alston seeds by response surface methodologies, and purified total flavonoids by macroporous resin adsorption to obtain the refined total flavonoids.Moreover, we evaluated the in vitro antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic activity of total flavonoids before and after purification.The results show that the optimal extraction process is obtained as follows: the liquid-solid ratio of 42∶1(mL∶g),the ethanol volume fraction of 57%,the ultrasonic time of 30 min, and the ultrasonic temperature of 62 ℃,the yield of total flavonoids is(5.500±0.026)%,which is close to the predicted value(5.51%),and the purity is(16.02±0.56)%.The optimal purification process is obtained as follows: using macroporous resin S-8,the mass concentration of the sample solution of 2.0 mg·mL-1,the sample solution pH value of 3,the sample volume of 50 mL,the ethanol volume fraction of 70% as eluent, and the elution volume of 100 mL.Under above conditions, the purity of refined total flavonoids increases to(34.97±0.18)%,which is 1.2 times higher than that before purification.The DPPH free radicals scavenging ability[IC50=(9.36±0.95) μg·mL-1],iron ion reducing ability, α-glucosidase inhibitory ability[IC50=(135.01±7.07) μg·mL-1],and α-amylase inhibitory ability[IC50=(28.45±0.89) μg·mL-1] of the refined total flavonoids are stronger than those of the crude extract of total flavonoids.The ABTS free radicals scavenging ability of the refined total flavonoids is weaker than that of the crude extract of total flavonoids.The refined total flavonoids shows non-competitive inhibition on α-glucosidase and α-amylase.This study provides a scientific basis for the development of total flavonoids from Syzygium jambos L.Alston seeds as antioxidant and hypoglycemic functional products.
Gas Hydrate Inhibitor of 3 000 m Ultra-Deep Water Drilling Fluid
WANG Runbo;LIU Shujie;XU Yilong;LIANG Zhaojian;SUN Jingkang;ZHAO Qingmei;YUE Qiansheng;We studied the inhibition effect of gas hydrate thermodynamic inhibitors of drilling fluid and the influence on the density of their aqueous solutions under the conditions of 2 ℃ and 15 MPa, and predicted and verified the most suitable gas hydrate inhibitor and its dosage under 3 000 m ultra-deep water condition(2 ℃ and 30 MPa).The results show that the inhibition effects of gas hydrate thermodynamic inhibitors with the same dosage are in following sequence: sodium chloride>calcium chloride>magnesium chloride>ethylene glycol>diethylene glycol>potassium chloride.Moreover, the density of sodium chloride or calcium chloride aqueous solution is significantly higher than that of ethylene glycol aqueous solution.For ultra-deep water narrow pressure window formations, the selection principle of gas hydrate inhibitors is "low salt and high alcohol".No enhancement of inhibition effect is observed when gas hydrate kinetic inhibitors are used in combination with thermodynamic inhibitors.However, it is found that the inhibition effect is enhanced when gas hydrate thermodynamic inhibitors sodium chloride is used in combination with ethylene glycol.Through prediction and experimental verification, taking 10% sodium chloride-30% ethylene glycol as the gas hydrate inhibitor of drilling fluid can effectively inhibit the formation of gas hydrates at 2 ℃ and 30 MPa.
Effect of Phosphorus Tailings-Based Soil Conditioners Combined with Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria and Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria on Soil Improvement
LYU Jiliang;WANG Zhen;LI Zhili;TAO Min;HE Dongsheng;CHEN Jinyi;We conducted a pot experiment on Brassica campestris by the single application and combined application of phosphorus tailings-based soil conditioner, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, thereby we investigated the dynamic effects of phosphorus tailings-based soil conditioner, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on plant height, fresh weight, and heavy metals contents of Brassica campestris,nutrient and enzyme activity of soil.The results show that the single application and combined application of phosphorus tailings-based soil conditioner, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria significantly improve plant height and fresh weight of Brassica campestris,nutrient and enzyme activity of soil; however, the soil improvement effect has a certain timeliness.Both the combined application of phosphorus tailings-based soil conditioner with single bacteria(nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria) or mixed bacteria(nitrogen-fixing bacteria+phosphate-solubilizing bacteria) can inhibit the absorption of heavy metals by Brassica campestris.The combined application of phosphorus tailings-based soil conditioner with mixed bacteria has a better soil improvement effect than the single application of the phosphorus tailings-based soil conditioner, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and the combined application of phosphorus tailings-based soil conditioner with single bacteria.To ensure the survival rate and sustained effectiveness of the mixed bacteria, re-application is required every 21-28 d.This study provides a reference for screening appropriate microbial fertilizer and fertilization cycles under the application of the phosphorus tailings-based soil conditioner.