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Research Progress in Microbial Degradation of Common Plastics
CHEN Zhangyan;ZHENG Yanhong;LIU Xiangqing;LI Haiyue;XIA Li;YANG Pingping;LI Qin;LIU Feng;ZHANG Huaidong;A large amount of plastics is produced worldwide every year, and plastic pollution is widespread worldwide duo to its difficult degradation and low recycling rate.The continuous accumulation of microplastics in the environment poses a serious threat to ecosystems and human health.In this paper, we introduce a brief overview of plastic pollution, review the microbial degradation progress of several common plastics(PE,PP,PVC,PET,PU,and PS),summarize the degrading bacteria and enzymes of several common plastics, and point out effective ways to improve the degradation efficiency.
Study on the Antibacterial Activity of Quercetin
QIN Xiao-rong1,ZHANG Ming-jin1,2,GAO Xu-na1,LIN Yi1,MA Li1,HE Si-yi1 (1.College of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,China;2.Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics,The Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China)The antibacterial activities of quercetin to bacteria,such as Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus were preliminarily tested by Neo-Sensitab disk-diffusion method.The antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureas was the most remarkably,minimal bactericidal concentration(MBC) was less than 0.0061 μmol·mL-1.The antibacterial activity to Bacillus mucilaginosus was the secondly remarkably,minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was less than 0.0061 μmol·mL-1.Quercetin had obviously antibacterial activities to Escherichia coli,Bacillus thuringiensis,Bacillus subtilis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,too.MIC was respectively 0.0242 μmol·mL-1,0.0061 μmol·mL-1,0.0242 μmol·mL-1,0.0121 μmol·mL-1.MBC was respectively 1.5522 μmol·mL-1,6.2086 μmol·mL-1,3.1043 μmol·mL-1,1.5522 μmol·mL-1.However,quercetin had no antibacterial activity to Ochrobactrum anthropi.Quercetin showed extensive antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and even more strongly than against Gram-positive bacteria.
Research Progress of Pyrimidine Analogues
YUAN Dan,RONG Ru-bing,YU Zong-yuan (Hubei Research Institute of Chemistry,Wuhan 430074,China)Based on the data,pyrimidine analogues were classified as six species,including single substituted pyrimidine,double substituted pyrimidine,three substituted pyrimidine,four substituted pyrimidine,thiazolopyrimidine and pyridopyrimidine.Preparations and applications of pyrimidine analogues were also introduced in particular.
Research Progress of Tyrosinase Inhibitors
YE Li,LIU Ya-qing,JU Xiu-lian(Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education,School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)In this paper,the main functions of tyrosinase,the structure of active center,and the inhibitory mechanisms of tyrosinase inhibitors were introduced.The research progress of four kinds of tyrosinase inhibitors were focused on.This summary provides reference for the development of new tyrosinase inhibitors.
Research Progress on Microbial Degradation Mechanisms for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
WANG Tao;LAN Hui;TIAN Yun;LU Xiang-yang;Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are one of the common and the most refractory organic pollutants in the environment.Nowadays,low-toxicity or non-toxicity of PAHs by microbial degradation is one of the research highlights in the field of environmental remediation.In this paper,using naphthalene and phenanthrene as example,the microbial degradation mechanisms of PAHs are reviewed,and the application of"omics"technology in life science for research of microbial degradation of PAHs is summarized.The review lays a certain theoretical foundation for further exploring the microbial degradation and conversion mechanism for PAHs.
Microbial Degradation of Organochlorine Pesticides
SHANG Wenxian;XU Hongying;WANG Junwei;ZHANG Chan;Organochlorine pesticides are highly effective insecticides widely used in agricultural production.Although they are banned in the 1960 s, their residues in the environment still pose a great threat to the ecological environment and human health.At present, microbial degradation is an effective means to reduce the pollution of organochlorine pesticides in the environment.In this paper, we introduce the pollution status of organochlorine pesticides in recent years in China, summarize the research process of microbial degradation of five main organochlorine pesticides and degradation enzyme and genes at home and abroad, and put forward the development prospect of microbial degradation of organochlorine pesticides, so as to provide a reference for the bioremediation of organochlorine-pesticide-polluted environment.
Isolation and Identification of Bacillus subtilis and Its Fermentation Condition Optimization
YUAN Rui;WANG Xuejiang;LI Feng;We isolated and purified a suspected strain Bacillus subtilis from soil,and named it as WZB.Moreover,we identified the strain by morphological observation,physiological and biochemical experiments,performed 16S rDNA sequence analysis,and optimized the fermentation conditions.The results show that the strain WZB is identified as Bacillus subtilis,and the optimal fermentation conditions can be determined as follows:the inoculation concentration of 3%,the fermentation temperature of 34 ℃,the initial pH value of 7.0,and the fermentation time of 36 h.The study lays a foundation for further development and application of Bacillus subtilis agents.
Research Progress of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
YANG Yong-qiang,WANG Wei-jie,XU Chang-bo(College of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology,Hebei Polytechnic University,Tangshan 063009,China)The single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) marker,as the third generation DNA genetic sign,plays an important role in discovery of certain gene mutations.It has been found that SNP has an obvious relationship with medicine or susceptibility to desease in recent years.Through sorting and summarizing materials,a brief account of the relative information and the current study in particular associated with diseases of SNP are presented.
Research Status of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide
DENG Pei-pei;XIE Xin-yu;WANG Jing-ke;WANG Xiao-lian;As a main active ingredient of Lycium barbarum,Lycium barbarum polysaccharide possesses a variety of biological activities,such as anti-tumor,immune regulation,anti-aging,regulation of blood sugar and blood lipid metabolism,improvement of osteoporosis,and anti-radiation,which has a bright future of development and utilization.We review the biological activities and extraction methods of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide,and prospect the research and utilization of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide.The review provides some references for the basic research and application research of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide in the future.
Optimization in Extraction Process of Total Flavonoids from Epimedii Folium by Response Surface Methodology
SUN Guoyan;LI Hua;YANG Changhua;GAN Junwei;TAO Guisong;WANG Qiming;YANG Dan;Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce;Firstly, we removed the chlorophyll in Epimedii Folium by a solvent method.Then, taking the extraction rate of total flavonoids from Epimedii Folium as the evaluation index, we optimized the extraction process of total flavonoids from Epimedii Folium by response surface methodologies on the basis of single-factor experiments.The optimal extraction conditions can be determined as follows: the ethanol volume fraction of 50%,the solid-liquid ratio of 1∶15(g∶mL),the extraction temperature of 82 ℃,the extraction time of 32 min, the adoption of water bath reflux extraction, and the extraction times of 2.Under above conditions, the extraction rate of total flavonoids from Epimedii Folium can reach 1.961%.This study provides a scientific basis for the development, utilization, and quality control of Epimedii Folium.